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      "name": "Galileo Plasma Wave Sensors (PWS) Earth Flyby Daily Dynamic Spectrograms Magnetic",
        
      "dateModified": "2026-02-25",
      
    "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.48322/qxgm-e650",
    "publication": "Gurnett, Donald A.; Kurth, William S., Galileo Plasma Wave Sensors (PWS) Earth Flyby Daily Dynamic Spectrograms Magnetic,  (2025)",
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    "creditText": "When using this data please acknowledge the PI Donald A. Gurnett and Co-I William S. Kurth, NASA, The University of Iowa and the VWO.",
    "description": "These PWS daily spectrograms cover the time range around the time of the Galileo spacecraft's two Earth flybys on its way to Jupiter. This dataset contains magnetic field spectrograms in units of magnetic field spectral density (nT^2/Hz) spanning 6 Hz to 75 kHz. An associated dataset contains electric field spectrograms in units of electric field spectral density (V^2/m^2/Hz) spanning 6 Hz to 5.6 MHz. The sources of this browse data set are the High Frequency Receiver, Sweep Frequency Receiver, and Spectrum Analyzer which make up the Low Rate Science portion of the PWS. The high frequency receiver data that appears in the uppermost panel of the spectrograms are only taken from the electric field antennas. During the time interval spanned by the first Earth flyby, Galileo approached Earth from the local early morning sector, made a close approach to Earth by passing through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and finally exited the Earth system in the local late morning. During the time interval spanned by the second Earth flyby, Galileo approached Earth from the local late evening sector, made a close approach to Earth by passing through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and finally exited the Earth system near local dawn. +-----------------------------------------------------+ Flyby 1 1990 November 8 1700 UT - dataset start 1990 December 8 - Earth closest approach 1990 December 18 1700 UT - dataset end +-----------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------+ Flyby 2 1992 November 6 2100 UT - dataset start 1992 December 8 - Earth closest approach 1992 December 17 0630 UT - dataset ends +-----------------------------------------------------+",
    "abstract": "These PWS daily spectrograms cover the time range around the time of the Galileo spacecraft's two Earth flybys on its way to Jupiter. This dataset contains magnetic field spectrograms in units of magnetic field spectral density (nT^2/Hz) spanning 6 Hz to 75 kHz. An associated dataset contains electric field spectrograms in units of electric field spectral density (V^2/m^2/Hz) spanning 6 Hz to 5.6 MHz. The sources of this browse data set are the High Frequency Receiver, Sweep Frequency Receiver, and Spectrum Analyzer which make up the Low Rate Science portion of the PWS. The high frequency receiver data that appears in the uppermost panel of the spectrograms are only taken from the electric field antennas. During the time interval spanned by the first Earth flyby, Galileo approached Earth from the local early morning sector, made a close approach to Earth by passing through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and finally exited the Earth system in the local late morning. During the time interval spanned by the second Earth flyby, Galileo approached Earth from the local late evening sector, made a close approach to Earth by passing through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and finally exited the Earth system near local dawn. +-----------------------------------------------------+ Flyby 1 1990 November 8 1700 UT - dataset start 1990 December 8 - Earth closest approach 1990 December 18 1700 UT - dataset end +-----------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------+ Flyby 2 1992 November 6 2100 UT - dataset start 1992 December 8 - Earth closest approach 1992 December 17 0630 UT - dataset ends +-----------------------------------------------------+",
    
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        <xhtml:div class="header">
            <xhtml:div class="middle">HDPWS</xhtml:div>
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                    Data Access
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                        <xhtml:ul class="list">
                            <xhtml:li class="list">
                                <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/plasma-wave/galileo/lrs/e1/">Earth 1 (1990)</xhtml:a>
                            </xhtml:li>
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                                <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/plasma-wave/galileo/lrs/e2/">Earth 2 (1992)</xhtml:a>
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                        <xhtml:h1>
                            <xhtml:a name="spase://NASA/DisplayData/Galileo/PWS/DS/Magnetic/P1D">Galileo Plasma Wave Sensors (PWS) Earth Flyby Daily Dynamic Spectrograms Magnetic</xhtml:a>
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			(2025). 
			Galileo Plasma Wave Sensors (PWS) Earth Flyby Daily Dynamic Spectrograms Magnetic. 
    
			[Data set].
		University of Iowa. 
			<xhtml:a href="https://doi.org/10.48322/qxgm-e650">https://doi.org/10.48322/qxgm-e650</xhtml:a>. Accessed on <xhtml:script>document.write(currentDateStr);</xhtml:script>.
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                            <xhtml:div class="definition">spase://NASA/DisplayData/Galileo/PWS/DS/Magnetic/P1D</xhtml:div>
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                            <xhtml:div class="term">Description</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">These PWS daily spectrograms cover the time range around the time of the Galileo spacecraft's two Earth flybys on its way to Jupiter. This dataset contains magnetic field spectrograms in units of magnetic field spectral density (nT^2/Hz) spanning 6 Hz to 75 kHz. An associated dataset contains electric field spectrograms in units of electric field spectral density (V^2/m^2/Hz) spanning 6 Hz to 5.6 MHz. The sources of this browse data set are the High Frequency Receiver, Sweep Frequency Receiver, and Spectrum Analyzer which make up the Low Rate Science portion of the PWS. The high frequency receiver data that appears in the uppermost panel of the spectrograms are only taken from the electric field antennas. During the time interval spanned by the first Earth flyby, Galileo approached Earth from the local early morning sector, made a close approach to Earth by passing through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and finally exited the Earth system in the local late morning. During the time interval spanned by the second Earth flyby, Galileo approached Earth from the local late evening sector, made a close approach to Earth by passing through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and finally exited the Earth system near local dawn. +-----------------------------------------------------+ Flyby 1 1990 November 8 1700 UT - dataset start 1990 December 8 - Earth closest approach 1990 December 18 1700 UT - dataset end +-----------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------+ Flyby 2 1992 November 6 2100 UT - dataset start 1992 December 8 - Earth closest approach 1992 December 17 0630 UT - dataset ends +-----------------------------------------------------+</xhtml:div>
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                            <xhtml:div class="term">Metadata Rights</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">CC0-1.0: 
              <xhtml:a href="https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html" target="_blank">Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</xhtml:a>
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                                <xhtml:div class="definition">CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available SPASE metadata descriptions. The actual data/software may be subject to a different license.
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                        <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="/WS/hdp/1/Spase?ResourceID=spase://NASA/DisplayData/Galileo/PWS/DS/Magnetic/P1D&amp;Format=spase_xml" download="P1D.xml">View XML</xhtml:a> |
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                        <xhtml:p class="version">Version:2.7.1</xhtml:p>
                        <xhtml:h1>DisplayData</xhtml:h1>
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                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Galileo Plasma Wave Sensors (PWS) Earth Flyby Daily Dynamic Spectrograms Magnetic</xhtml:div>
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                            <xhtml:div class="definition">https://doi.org/10.48322/qxgm-e650</xhtml:div>
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                            <xhtml:div class="definition">2026-02-25 20:57:19Z</xhtml:div>
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                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">2020-07-07 19:48:33Z</xhtml:div>
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                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Only known prior ReleaseDate of the metadata</xhtml:div>
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                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">2025-11-14 16:17:34Z</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">Note</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Added PublicationInfo. Added ResourceType and NamingAuthority. Changed http to https in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Fixed version number separator in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Matched version number in schemaLocation attribute to updated value in Version tag. ZCB</xhtml:div>
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                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">2025-12-04 13:27:55Z</xhtml:div>
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                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">2026-02-25 20:57:19Z</xhtml:div>
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                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Description</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">These PWS daily spectrograms cover the time range around the time of the Galileo spacecraft's two Earth flybys on its way to Jupiter. This dataset contains magnetic field spectrograms in units of magnetic field spectral density (nT^2/Hz) spanning 6 Hz to 75 kHz. An associated dataset contains electric field spectrograms in units of electric field spectral density (V^2/m^2/Hz) spanning 6 Hz to 5.6 MHz. The sources of this browse data set are the High Frequency Receiver, Sweep Frequency Receiver, and Spectrum Analyzer which make up the Low Rate Science portion of the PWS. The high frequency receiver data that appears in the uppermost panel of the spectrograms are only taken from the electric field antennas. During the time interval spanned by the first Earth flyby, Galileo approached Earth from the local early morning sector, made a close approach to Earth by passing through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and finally exited the Earth system in the local late morning. During the time interval spanned by the second Earth flyby, Galileo approached Earth from the local late evening sector, made a close approach to Earth by passing through the magnetosphere, plasmasphere, ionosphere, and finally exited the Earth system near local dawn. +-----------------------------------------------------+ Flyby 1 1990 November 8 1700 UT - dataset start 1990 December 8 - Earth closest approach 1990 December 18 1700 UT - dataset end +-----------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------+ Flyby 2 1992 November 6 2100 UT - dataset start 1992 December 8 - Earth closest approach 1992 December 17 0630 UT - dataset ends +-----------------------------------------------------+</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Acknowledgement</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">When using this data please acknowledge the PI Donald A. Gurnett and Co-I William S. Kurth, NASA, The University of Iowa and the VWO.</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">PublicationInfo</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Authors</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Gurnett, Donald A.; Kurth, William S.</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">PublicationDate</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">2025-11-14 16:17:34Z</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">PublishedBy</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">University of Iowa</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Contacts</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:table class="nested" cellspacing="0">
                                    <xhtml:tr>
                                        <xhtml:th/>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">Role</xhtml:th>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">Person</xhtml:th>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">StartDate</xhtml:th>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">StopDate</xhtml:th>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">Note</xhtml:th>
                                    </xhtml:tr>
                                    <xhtml:tbody>
                                        <xhtml:tr>
                                            <xhtml:td>1.</xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td>PrincipalInvestigator</xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td>
                                                <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="https://spase-metadata.org/SMWG/Person/Donald.A.Gurnett.html">spase://SMWG/Person/Donald.A.Gurnett</xhtml:a>
                                            </xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                        </xhtml:tr>
                                        <xhtml:tr>
                                            <xhtml:td>2.</xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td>CoInvestigator</xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td>
                                                <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="https://spase-metadata.org/SMWG/Person/William.S.Kurth.html">spase://SMWG/Person/William.S.Kurth</xhtml:a>
                                            </xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                        </xhtml:tr>
                                    </xhtml:tbody>
                                </xhtml:table>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:p/>
                                <xhtml:p/>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">InformationURL</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Name</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Galileo Plasma Wave Investigation Page</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">URL</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/plasma-wave/galileo/home.html">http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/plasma-wave/galileo/home.html</xhtml:a>
                                </xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Description</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Galileo Plasma Wave Investigation page maintained by The University of Iowa with descriptions of the instrument, press releases, publications and links to PWS and PLS data and data viewers.</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Language</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">en</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">PriorIDs</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">spase://VWO/DisplayData/Galileo/PWS/DS.Magnetic.P1D</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">spase://VSPO/DisplayData/Galileo/PWS/DS/Magnetic/P1D</xhtml:div>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">AccessInformation</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">
                            <xhtml:div class="term">RepositoryID</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:a href="https://spase-metadata.org/SMWG/Repository/UIowa/RadioPlasmaWaveGroup.html">spase://SMWG/Repository/UIowa/RadioPlasmaWaveGroup</xhtml:a>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Availability</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Online</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessRights</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Open</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessURL</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Name</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Earth 1 (1990)</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">URL</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/plasma-wave/galileo/lrs/e1/">http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/plasma-wave/galileo/lrs/e1/</xhtml:a>
                                </xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Language</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">en</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessURL</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Name</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Earth 2 (1992)</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">URL</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/plasma-wave/galileo/lrs/e2/">http://www-pw.physics.uiowa.edu/plasma-wave/galileo/lrs/e2/</xhtml:a>
                                </xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Language</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">en</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Format</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">GIF</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Encoding</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">None</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Acknowledgement</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">When using these data please acknowledge the PI Donald A. Gurnett and Co-I William S. Kurth, NASA, The University of Iowa and the VWO.</xhtml:div>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">InstrumentIDs</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">
                            <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="https://spase-metadata.org/SMWG/Instrument/Galileo/PWS.html">spase://SMWG/Instrument/Galileo/PWS</xhtml:a>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">MeasurementType</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Waves.Passive</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">MeasurementType</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Spectrum</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">MeasurementType</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">MagneticField</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">TemporalDescription</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">
                            <xhtml:div class="term">TimeSpan</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">StartDate</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">1990-11-08 17:00:00Z</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">StopDate</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">1992-12-17 06:30:00Z</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Note</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">There is a gap of approximately two years between one Earth flyby and the next. See time span tables in the Description above.</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">DisplayCadence</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">P1D</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">ObservedRegion</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Earth.Magnetosphere</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">ObservedRegion</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">ObservedRegion</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">ObservedRegion</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">ObservedRegion</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Heliosphere.Inner</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">Keywords</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Dynamic Spectrogram</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Spectrogram</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">AKR</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Auroral Kilometric Radiation</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Chorus</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Continuum radiation</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Myriametric radiation</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Solar radio burst</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Terrestrial Kilometric Radiation</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">TKR</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Type II Solar radio burst</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Type III Solar radio burst</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="parameter">Parameter #1</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Name</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Magnetic Spectral Density</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Units</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">nT^2/Hz</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Wave</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">WaveType</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">PlasmaWaves</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Qualifier</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Magnitude</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Qualifier</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Pseudo</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">WaveQuantity</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">ACMagneticField</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">FrequencyRange</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">SpectralRange</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">RadioFrequency</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">Low</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">5.62</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">High</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">75000</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">Units</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Hz</xhtml:div>
                                </xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                        </xhtml:div>
                    </xhtml:div>
                </xhtml:div>
            </xhtml:div>
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                <xhtml:div class="footer-item">Responsible NASA Official: <xhtml:a style="all: revert" href="mailto:Lan.Jian@nasa.gov">Lan Jian</xhtml:a>
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                    <xhtml:a style="all:revert" href="https://ror.org/00ryjtt64">SPDF ROR ID</xhtml:a>
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                    <xhtml:span>Last Updated: 2026-02-25</xhtml:span>
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