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    "identifier": "https://doi.org/10.48322/e5xp-rw71",
    "publication": "Frank, Louis, A., Polar Visible Imaging System 24-sec Key Parameters,  (2025)",
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    "description": "This dataset contains the investigator-selected Key Parameters from the Polar Visible Imaging System (VIS). The VIS key parameter data set is a survey of auroral activity provided by a series of single images showing a significant area of the auroral zone at visible wavelengths. An auroral image of 256 x 256 pixels is produced approximately every 24 seconds dependent on the integration time and filter selected. Some coordinate information is included for viewer orientation. Coordinates are calculated for a grid of 18 x 18 points corresponding to one pixel out of every 15 x 15 pixel block. In addition, a rotation matrix and a table of distortion-correcting look direction unit vectors are provided for the purpose of calculating coordinates for every pixel.\n\nTo facilitate viewing of the images, a mapping of pixel value to a recommended color table based on the characteristics of the selected filter is included with each image.\n\nA relative intensity scale is provided by the uncompressed count table of variable 27. Approximate intensity levels in kiloRayleighs are given in the intensity table of variable 28. The VIS site at http://eiger.physics.uiowa.edu/~vis/software contains information on the availability of more precisely calibrated intensities.\n\nThe data set also contains various imager-related parameters, plus spacecraft position and velocity vectors, spin axis unit vector, and the sun position unit vector, all in GCI coordinates. Times are given in both the CDF-standard Epoch and the ISTP-standard Time_PB5.",
    "abstract": "This dataset contains the investigator-selected Key Parameters from the Polar Visible Imaging System (VIS). The VIS key parameter data set is a survey of auroral activity provided by a series of single images showing a significant area of the auroral zone at visible wavelengths. An auroral image of 256 x 256 pixels is produced approximately every 24 seconds dependent on the integration time and filter selected. Some coordinate information is included for viewer orientation. Coordinates are calculated for a grid of 18 x 18 points corresponding to one pixel out of every 15 x 15 pixel block. In addition, a rotation matrix and a table of distortion-correcting look direction unit vectors are provided for the purpose of calculating coordinates for every pixel.\n\nTo facilitate viewing of the images, a mapping of pixel value to a recommended color table based on the characteristics of the selected filter is included with each image.\n\nA relative intensity scale is provided by the uncompressed count table of variable 27. Approximate intensity levels in kiloRayleighs are given in the intensity table of variable 28. The VIS site at http://eiger.physics.uiowa.edu/~vis/software contains information on the availability of more precisely calibrated intensities.\n\nThe data set also contains various imager-related parameters, plus spacecraft position and velocity vectors, spin axis unit vector, and the sun position unit vector, all in GCI coordinates. Times are given in both the CDF-standard Epoch and the ISTP-standard Time_PB5.",
    
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                    Data Access
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                                <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="ftps://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/polar/vis/vis_k0/">FTPS from SPDF (not with most browsers)</xhtml:a>
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                        <xhtml:h1>
                            <xhtml:a name="spase://NASA/DisplayData/POLAR/VIS/PT240S">Polar Visible Imaging System 24-sec Key Parameters</xhtml:a>
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                        <xhtml:p class="author">
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			(2025). 
			Polar Visible Imaging System 24-sec Key Parameters. 
    
			[Data set].
		Space Physics Data Facility. 
			<xhtml:a href="https://doi.org/10.48322/e5xp-rw71">https://doi.org/10.48322/e5xp-rw71</xhtml:a>. Accessed on <xhtml:script>document.write(currentDateStr);</xhtml:script>.
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                            <xhtml:div class="term">ResourceID</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">spase://NASA/DisplayData/POLAR/VIS/PT240S</xhtml:div>
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                            <xhtml:div class="term">Description</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">This dataset contains the investigator-selected Key Parameters from the Polar Visible Imaging System (VIS). The VIS key parameter data set is a survey of auroral activity provided by a series of single images showing a significant area of the auroral zone at visible wavelengths. An auroral image of 256 x 256 pixels is produced approximately every 24 seconds dependent on the integration time and filter selected. Some coordinate information is included for viewer orientation. Coordinates are calculated for a grid of 18 x 18 points corresponding to one pixel out of every 15 x 15 pixel block. In addition, a rotation matrix and a table of distortion-correcting look direction unit vectors are provided for the purpose of calculating coordinates for every pixel.

To facilitate viewing of the images, a mapping of pixel value to a recommended color table based on the characteristics of the selected filter is included with each image.

A relative intensity scale is provided by the uncompressed count table of variable 27. Approximate intensity levels in kiloRayleighs are given in the intensity table of variable 28. The VIS site at http://eiger.physics.uiowa.edu/~vis/software contains information on the availability of more precisely calibrated intensities.

The data set also contains various imager-related parameters, plus spacecraft position and velocity vectors, spin axis unit vector, and the sun position unit vector, all in GCI coordinates. Times are given in both the CDF-standard Epoch and the ISTP-standard Time_PB5.</xhtml:div>
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                            <xhtml:div class="term">Metadata Rights</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">CC0-1.0: 
              <xhtml:a href="https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html" target="_blank">Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</xhtml:a>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Note</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available SPASE metadata descriptions. The actual data/software may be subject to a different license.
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                        <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="/WS/hdp/1/Spase?ResourceID=spase://NASA/DisplayData/POLAR/VIS/PT240S&amp;Format=spase_xml" download="PT240S.xml">View XML</xhtml:a> |
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                    <xhtml:h1 class="detail">Details</xhtml:h1>
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                        <xhtml:p class="version">Version:2.7.1</xhtml:p>
                        <xhtml:h1>DisplayData</xhtml:h1>
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                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Polar Visible Imaging System 24-sec Key Parameters</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">DOI</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">https://doi.org/10.48322/e5xp-rw71</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">ReleaseDate</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">2026-06-26 15:10:51Z</xhtml:div>
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                                    <xhtml:div class="term">ReleaseDate</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">2021-04-27 15:38:11Z</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">Note</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Only known prior ReleaseDate of the metadata</xhtml:div>
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                                <xhtml:div class="term">RevisionEvent</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">ReleaseDate</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">2025-12-04 13:28:01Z</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">Note</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Added MetadataRightsList and RightsList(s). Added ResourceType and NamingAuthority. Updated to 2.7.1. Changed http to https in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Fixed version number separator in top-level schemaLocation attribute. ZCB</xhtml:div>
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                                    <xhtml:div class="term">ReleaseDate</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">2026-02-06 12:31:04Z</xhtml:div>
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                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Added DOI and Publication Info</xhtml:div>
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                                <xhtml:div class="term">RevisionEvent</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">ReleaseDate</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">2026-06-26 15:10:51Z</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">Note</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Add 'Z' to RevisionEvent:ReleaseDate(s), TemporalDescription:TimeSpan:StartDate, TemporalDescription:TimeSpan:StopDate. ZCB</xhtml:div>
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                            <xhtml:div class="term">Description</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">This dataset contains the investigator-selected Key Parameters from the Polar Visible Imaging System (VIS). The VIS key parameter data set is a survey of auroral activity provided by a series of single images showing a significant area of the auroral zone at visible wavelengths. An auroral image of 256 x 256 pixels is produced approximately every 24 seconds dependent on the integration time and filter selected. Some coordinate information is included for viewer orientation. Coordinates are calculated for a grid of 18 x 18 points corresponding to one pixel out of every 15 x 15 pixel block. In addition, a rotation matrix and a table of distortion-correcting look direction unit vectors are provided for the purpose of calculating coordinates for every pixel.

To facilitate viewing of the images, a mapping of pixel value to a recommended color table based on the characteristics of the selected filter is included with each image.

A relative intensity scale is provided by the uncompressed count table of variable 27. Approximate intensity levels in kiloRayleighs are given in the intensity table of variable 28. The VIS site at http://eiger.physics.uiowa.edu/~vis/software contains information on the availability of more precisely calibrated intensities.

The data set also contains various imager-related parameters, plus spacecraft position and velocity vectors, spin axis unit vector, and the sun position unit vector, all in GCI coordinates. Times are given in both the CDF-standard Epoch and the ISTP-standard Time_PB5.</xhtml:div>
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                                <xhtml:div class="term">Authors</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Frank, Louis, A.</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">PublicationDate</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">2025-04-25 20:29:03.000Z</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">PublishedBy</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Space Physics Data Facility</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Contacts</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:table class="nested" cellspacing="0">
                                    <xhtml:tr>
                                        <xhtml:th/>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">Role</xhtml:th>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">Person</xhtml:th>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">StartDate</xhtml:th>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">StopDate</xhtml:th>
                                        <xhtml:th class="center">Note</xhtml:th>
                                    </xhtml:tr>
                                    <xhtml:tbody>
                                        <xhtml:tr>
                                            <xhtml:td>1.</xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td>GeneralContact<xhtml:br/>PrincipalInvestigator</xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td>
                                                <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="https://spase-metadata.org/SMWG/Person/Louis.A.Frank.html">spase://SMWG/Person/Louis.A.Frank</xhtml:a>
                                            </xhtml:td>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                            <xhtml:td/>
                                        </xhtml:tr>
                                    </xhtml:tbody>
                                </xhtml:table>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">PriorIDs</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">spase://VSPO/DisplayData/P_POLAR_HDR_VIS_K0</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">spase://VSPO/DisplayData/POLAR/VIS/PT240S</xhtml:div>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">AccessInformation</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">
                            <xhtml:div class="term">RepositoryID</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:a href="https://spase-metadata.org/SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb.html">spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb</xhtml:a>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Availability</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Online</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessRights</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Open</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">RightsList</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Rights</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">SchemeURI</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">https://spdx.org/licenses/</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">RightsIdentifierScheme</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">SPDX</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">RightsIdentifier</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">CC0-1.0</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">RightsURI</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">RightsName</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">Note</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products</xhtml:div>
                                </xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessURL</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Name</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">FTPS from SPDF (not with most browsers)</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">URL</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="ftps://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/polar/vis/vis_k0/">ftps://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/polar/vis/vis_k0/</xhtml:a>
                                </xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessURL</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Name</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">HTTPS from SPDF</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">URL</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/polar/vis/vis_k0/">https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/polar/vis/vis_k0/</xhtml:a>
                                </xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Description</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">In CDF via HTTP from CDAWeb</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessURL</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Name</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">CDAWeb</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">URL</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eval2.cgi?dataset=PO_K0_VIS&amp;index=sp_phys">https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eval2.cgi?dataset=PO_K0_VIS&amp;index=sp_phys</xhtml:a>
                                </xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">ProductKey</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">PO_K0_VIS</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Format</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">CDF</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessDirectoryTemplate</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/polar/vis/vis_k0/$Y</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessFilenameTemplate</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">po_k0_vis_$Y$m$d_$v.cdf</xhtml:div>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">AccessInformation</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">
                            <xhtml:div class="term">RepositoryID</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:a href="https://spase-metadata.org/SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF.html">spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF</xhtml:a>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Availability</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Online</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessRights</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">Open</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">RightsList</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Rights</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">SchemeURI</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">https://spdx.org/licenses/</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">RightsIdentifierScheme</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">SPDX</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">RightsIdentifier</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">CC0-1.0</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">RightsURI</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">RightsName</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="term">Note</xhtml:div>
                                    <xhtml:div class="definition">CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products</xhtml:div>
                                </xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">AccessURL</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Name</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">CDAWeb HAPI Server</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">URL</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                    <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/hapi">https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/hapi</xhtml:a>
                                </xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Style</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">HAPI</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">ProductKey</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">PO_K0_VIS</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">Description</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">Web Service to this product using the HAPI interface.</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Format</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">CSV</xhtml:div>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">ProviderProcessingLevel</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">CALIBRATED</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">InstrumentIDs</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">
                            <xhtml:a target="_blank" href="https://spase-metadata.org/SMWG/Instrument/POLAR/VIS.html">spase://SMWG/Instrument/POLAR/VIS</xhtml:a>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">MeasurementType</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">ImageIntensity</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">TemporalDescription</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">
                            <xhtml:div class="term">TimeSpan</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">
                                <xhtml:div class="term">StartDate</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">1996-11-01 00:00:00Z</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="term">StopDate</xhtml:div>
                                <xhtml:div class="definition">2008-04-28 00:00:00Z</xhtml:div>
                            </xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="term">Cadence</xhtml:div>
                            <xhtml:div class="definition">PT240S</xhtml:div>
                        </xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="term">ObservedRegion</xhtml:div>
                        <xhtml:div class="definition">Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere</xhtml:div>
                    </xhtml:div>
                </xhtml:div>
            </xhtml:div>
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                <xhtml:img class="image-left" src="/logos/nasa-logo.svg" alt="NASA Insignia"/>
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                </xhtml:div>
                <xhtml:div class="footer-item">Responsible NASA Official: <xhtml:a style="all: revert" href="mailto:Lan.Jian@nasa.gov">Lan Jian</xhtml:a>
                </xhtml:div>
                <xhtml:div class="footer-item">Site Editor: <xhtml:a style="all:revert" href="mailto:NASA-SPDF-Support@nasa.onmicrosoft.com">Rita Johnson</xhtml:a>
                </xhtml:div>
                <xhtml:div class="footer-item">
                    <xhtml:a style="all:revert" href="https://ror.org/00ryjtt64">SPDF ROR ID</xhtml:a>
                </xhtml:div>
                <xhtml:div class="footer-item">
                    <xhtml:a style="all:revert" href="https://www.re3data.org/repository/r3d100010168">SPDF re3data ID</xhtml:a>
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                    <xhtml:span>Last Updated: 2026-06-26</xhtml:span>
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