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Data Access
FTPS from SPDF (not with most browsers)
HTTPS from SPDF
CDAWeb
WebService:
CDAWeb Programmatic Data Access
HAPI: CDAWeb HAPI Server
Gold Level L2 thermospheric TDISK
var authors='Eastes, Richard; Evans, J. S.';
document.write(authors);
(2025).
Gold Level L2 thermospheric TDISK.
[Data set].
Space Physics Data Facility.
https://doi.org/10.48322/cw53-xt80. Accessed on document.write(currentDateStr);.
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ResourceID
spase://NASA/NumericalData/GOLD/L2/TDISK/PT8S
Description
The GOLD daytime disk scan measurements are used to derive the TDISK data product, which is the effective disk neutral temperature at a height of approximately 150 km. TDISK is derived for each valid dayside Level 1C pixel for approximately 68 disk scan measurements performed per day by GOLD in nominal operation.
Algorithm heritage
The retrieval algorithm is an extension of those previously used to derive temperature from limb measurements of LBH intensity from the HITS instrument (Aksnes et al., [2006]; Krywonos et al. [2012]).
Algorithm theoretical basis
GOLD measurements have a higher signal-to-noise ratio than HITS and a spectral range that includes more of the total N2 LBH emission (132 - 162 nm). Effective neutral temperatures near ~150 km altitude are retrieved by fitting the observed rotational structure of the N2 LBH bands using an optimal estimation routine. Retrieved parameters also include the upper vibrational level (v'=0-6) relative intensities (i.e. populations), a constant background, wavelength shift, and wavelength dispersion (constant term).
References
Aksnes, A., R. Eastes, S. Budzien, and K. Dymond (2006), Neutral temperatures in the lower thermosphere from N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) band profiles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15103, doi:10.1029/2006GL026255.
Krywonos, A., D. J. Murray, R. W. Eastes, A. Aksnes, S. A. Budzien, and R. E. Daniell (2012), Remote sensing of neutral temperatures in the Earth's thermosphere using the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands of N2: Comparisons with satellite drag data, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A09311, doi:10.1029/2011JA017226.
Metadata Rights
CC0-1.0:
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
Note
CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available SPASE metadata descriptions. The actual data/software may be subject to a different license.
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Details
Version:2.7.1
NumericalData
ResourceID
spase://NASA/NumericalData/GOLD/L2/TDISK/PT8S
NamingAuthority
NASA
ResourceType
NumericalData
ResourceHeader
ResourceName
Gold Level L2 thermospheric TDISK
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48322/cw53-xt80
ReleaseDate
2026-06-26 13:17:03Z
RevisionHistory
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2020-09-14 16:47:17Z
Note
Only known prior ReleaseDate of the metadata
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2023-10-09 12:34:56.789Z
Note
Added complete CDAWeb and HAPI AccessInformation, metadata versioned up to SPASE 2.6.0, LFB 20231009
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2025-11-03 12:34:56.789Z
Note
Contacts revised. JMW
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2025-11-14 16:03:02Z
Note
Added PublicationInfo. Added ResourceType and NamingAuthority. Changed http to https in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Fixed version number separator in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Matched version number in schemaLocation attribute to updated value in Version tag. ZCB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2025-12-04 13:29:18Z
Note
Added MetadataRightsList and RightsList(s). Updated to 2.7.1. ZCB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2026-06-26 13:17:03Z
Note
Add 'Z' to RevisionEvent:ReleaseDate(s), TemporalDescription:TimeSpan:StartDate. ZCB
Description
The GOLD daytime disk scan measurements are used to derive the TDISK data product, which is the effective disk neutral temperature at a height of approximately 150 km. TDISK is derived for each valid dayside Level 1C pixel for approximately 68 disk scan measurements performed per day by GOLD in nominal operation.
Algorithm heritage
The retrieval algorithm is an extension of those previously used to derive temperature from limb measurements of LBH intensity from the HITS instrument (Aksnes et al., [2006]; Krywonos et al. [2012]).
Algorithm theoretical basis
GOLD measurements have a higher signal-to-noise ratio than HITS and a spectral range that includes more of the total N2 LBH emission (132 - 162 nm). Effective neutral temperatures near ~150 km altitude are retrieved by fitting the observed rotational structure of the N2 LBH bands using an optimal estimation routine. Retrieved parameters also include the upper vibrational level (v'=0-6) relative intensities (i.e. populations), a constant background, wavelength shift, and wavelength dispersion (constant term).
References
Aksnes, A., R. Eastes, S. Budzien, and K. Dymond (2006), Neutral temperatures in the lower thermosphere from N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) band profiles, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15103, doi:10.1029/2006GL026255.
Krywonos, A., D. J. Murray, R. W. Eastes, A. Aksnes, S. A. Budzien, and R. E. Daniell (2012), Remote sensing of neutral temperatures in the Earth's thermosphere using the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands of N2: Comparisons with satellite drag data, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A09311, doi:10.1029/2011JA017226.
Acknowledgement
National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Dr. Richard Eastes
PublicationInfo
Authors
Eastes, Richard; Evans, J. S.
PublicationDate
2025-11-14 16:03:02Z
PublishedBy
Space Physics Data Facility
Contacts
Role
Person
StartDate
StopDate
Note
1.
PrincipalInvestigator
spase://SMWG/Person/Richard.Eastes
2.
CoInvestigator
spase://SMWG/Person/J.Scott.Evans
3.
ProjectManager
spase://SMWG/Person/Andrey.Krywonos
4.
MetadataContact
spase://SMWG/Person/James.M.Weygand
InformationURL
Name
GOLD Homepage web page
URL
https://gold.cs.ucf.edu/
Description
GOLD web page with news and other information.
InformationURL
Name
GOLD Missions Space Science Reviews Article
URL
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0392-2
Description
Eastes, R.W., McClintock, W.E., Burns, A.G. et al. Space Sci. Rev. (2017) vol. 212, pp.383.
InformationURL
Name
Journal article on disk images of neutral temperature from the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission
URL
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032424
Description
Evans J. S., Lumpe, J. D., Eastes, R. W., Correira, J., Aryal, S., Laskar, F., et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 129, e2024JA032424.
PriorIDs
spase://VSPO/NumericalData/GOLD/L2/TDISK/PT8S
spase://NASA/NumericalData/SES-14/GOLD/L2/TDISK/PT8S
AccessInformation
RepositoryID
spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb
Availability
Online
AccessRights
Open
RightsList
Rights
SchemeURI
https://spdx.org/licenses/
RightsIdentifierScheme
SPDX
RightsIdentifier
CC0-1.0
RightsURI
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
RightsName
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
Note
CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products
AccessURL
Name
FTPS from SPDF (not with most browsers)
URL
ftps://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/level2/tdisk/
ProductKey
GOLD_L2_TDISK
Description
In CDF via ftps from SPDF
AccessURL
Name
HTTPS from SPDF
URL
https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/level2/tdisk/
ProductKey
GOLD_L2_TDISK
Description
In CDF via https from SPDF
AccessURL
Name
CDAWeb
URL
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eval2.cgi?dataset=GOLD_L2_TDISK&index=sp_phys
ProductKey
GOLD_L2_TDISK
Description
Access to ASCII, CDF, and plots via NASA/GSFC CDAWeb
Format
CDF
Encoding
None
AccessDirectoryTemplate
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/gold/level2/tdisk/$Y
AccessFilenameTemplate
gold_l2_tdisk_2018_278_v05_r03_c01.nc
Acknowledgement
Space Physics Data Facility of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Robert M. Candey
AccessInformation
RepositoryID
spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF
Availability
Online
AccessRights
Open
AccessURL
Name
CDAWeb Programmatic Data Access
URL
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/WS/cdasr/1/dataviews/sp_phys/datasets/GOLD_L2_TDISK/clientLibraryExample/
Style
WebService
ProductKey
GOLD_L2_TDISK
Description
Access to this data from common programming environments. Note: this AccessInformation element was added by HDPWS.
Format
Binary
Acknowledgement
Space Physics Data Facility of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Robert M. Candey
AccessInformation
RepositoryID
spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb
Availability
Online
AccessRights
Open
RightsList
Rights
SchemeURI
https://spdx.org/licenses/
RightsIdentifierScheme
SPDX
RightsIdentifier
CC0-1.0
RightsURI
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
RightsName
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
Note
CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products
AccessURL
Name
CDAWeb HAPI Server
URL
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/hapi
Style
HAPI
ProductKey
GOLD_L2_TDISK
Description
Web Service to this product using the HAPI interface
Format
CSV
Acknowledgement
Space Physics Data Facility of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Robert M. Candey
ProcessingLevel
Calibrated
ProviderName
GOLD
ProviderResourceName
Gold Level L2 Neutral Temperature
ProviderProcessingLevel
Level 2
ProviderVersion
1
InstrumentIDs
spase://SMWG/Instrument/GOLD
MeasurementType
ImageIntensity
TemporalDescription
TimeSpan
StartDate
2018-10-06 00:00:00Z
RelativeStopDate
P1D
Cadence
PT8S
ObservedRegion
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
Keywords
O relative to N2
GOLD
SES-14
Parameter #1
Name
Mask Wavelength
ParameterKey
mask_wavelength
Description
Wavelength grid for N2_LBH mask.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
nm
ValidMin
130
ValidMax
170
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Wave
WaveType
Photon
Qualifier
Scalar
WaveQuantity
Wavelength
Parameter #2
Name
Effective Altitude
ParameterKey
effective_altitude
Description
Effective altitude of retrieved temperature.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
km
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
1000
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Direction
SupportQuantity
Positional
Parameter #3
Name
Lookup Table
ParameterKey
lookup_table
Description
Retrieval lookup table filename.
Cadence
PT8S
Support
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #4
Name
Random Uncertainty in Neutral Temperature
ParameterKey
tdisk_unc_ran
Description
Random uncertainty in retrieved neutral temperature.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
K
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
100000
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Particle
ParticleType
Molecule
Qualifier
Uncertainty
ParticleQuantity
Temperature
Parameter #5
Name
Retrieved Wavelength Stretch Parameter
ParameterKey
wavelength_stretch
Description
Retrieved wavelength stretch parameter in each pixel.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
nm
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
10
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Wave
WaveType
Photon
Qualifier
Scalar
WaveQuantity
Wavelength
Parameter #6
Name
Channel
ParameterKey
channel
Description
GOLD channel ('A' or 'B').
Cadence
PT8S
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #7
Name
Latitude
ParameterKey
latitude
Description
Pixel latitude.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
degrees
ValidMin
-90
ValidMax
90
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Direction
SupportQuantity
Positional
Parameter #8
Name
Overall Quality Flag
ParameterKey
dqi
Description
Tdisk data quality index (GOLD Public Science Data Products Guide).
Cadence
PT8S
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
2147483647
FillValue
-2147483647
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #9
Name
Scan Start Time
ParameterKey
scan_start_time
Description
UTC start time of scan, e.g., "2017-06-21T23:46:38.015Z".
Cadence
PT8S
Units
date/time
FillValue
' '
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Temporal
Parameter #10
Name
Solar Zenith Angle at 225 km
ParameterKey
solar_zenith_angle
Description
Pixel solar zenith angle.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
degrees
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
180
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Direction
SupportQuantity
Positional
Parameter #11
Name
Systematic Uncertainty in Neutral Temperature
ParameterKey
on2_unc_sys
Description
Systematic uncertainty in retrieved neutral temperature.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
K
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
5
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Uncertainty
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #12
Name
Neutral Temperature
ParameterKey
tdisk
Description
Retrieved neutral temperature.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
K
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
100000
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Particle
ParticleType
Molecule
ParticleQuantity
Temperature
AtomicNumber
14
Parameter #13
Name
UTC time
ParameterKey
time_utc
Description
UTC date/time string: "2017-06-21T23:46:38.015Z".
Cadence
PT8S
Units
date/time
FillValue
' '
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Temporal
Parameter #14
Name
Background
ParameterKey
background
Description
Retrieved background per pixel.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
counts
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
1000
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #15
Name
Retrieved Wavelength Shift Parameter
ParameterKey
wavelength_shift
Description
Retrieved wavelength shift parameter in each pixel.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
nm
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
10
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Wave
WaveType
Photon
Qualifier
Scalar
WaveQuantity
Wavelength
Parameter #16
Name
Longitude
ParameterKey
longitude
Description
Pixel longitude.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
degrees
ValidMin
-180
ValidMax
180
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Direction
SupportQuantity
Positional
Parameter #17
Name
Retrieved Vibrational Populations
ParameterKey
vibrational_populations
Description
Retrieved temperature vibrational populations.
Cadence
PT8S
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
1
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #18
Name
L1C File Name
ParameterKey
input_l1c_file
Description
L1C file name for each occultation.
Cadence
PT8S
FillValue
' '
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #19
Name
Pixel Emission Angle
ParameterKey
emission_angle
Description
Pixel emission angle (relative to zenith).
Cadence
PT8S
Units
degrees
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
90
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Direction
SupportQuantity
Positional
Parameter #20
Name
TDisk Quality Flag
ParameterKey
tdisk_dqi
Description
TDISK data quality index per pixel (GOLD Public Science Data Products Guide).
Cadence
PT8S
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
2147483647
FillValue
-2147483647
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #21
Name
Mask Defining LBH Bandpass
ParameterKey
mask_n2_lbh
Description
Wavelength mask defining LBH bandpass used in retrieval.
Cadence
PT8S
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
1
FillValue
-2147483647
Support
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #22
Name
Scan Stop Time
ParameterKey
scan_stop_time
Description
UTC stop time of scan, e.g., "2017-06-21T23:46:38.015Z".
Cadence
PT8S
Units
date/time
FillValue
' '
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Temporal
Parameter #23
Name
Model Uncertainty in Neutral Temperature
ParameterKey
tdisk_unc_mod
Description
Model uncertainty in retrieved neutral temperature.
Cadence
PT8S
Units
K
ValidMin
0
ValidMax
5
FillValue
9.9692e+36
Support
Qualifier
Uncertainty
SupportQuantity
Other
Parameter #24
Name
Hemisphere Scanned
ParameterKey
hemisphere
Description
Hemisphere scanned ('N' or 'S').
Cadence
PT8S
FillValue
' '
Support
Qualifier
Scalar
SupportQuantity
Other