Name: TWINS 2 Neutral-atom L1 Images and Movies
Creator: McComas, David, J.
Published: 2023-01-01
License: https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html

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} function getVersionedBibTeX(bibtex) { /* Add version field as suggested by August (Gus) Muench, Journals Data Editor, American Astronomical Society (email dated 7/7/25) */ const accessVersion = ", version={Accessed on " + currentIsoDateStr + "}"; const modifiedBibtex = bibtex.substring(0, bibtex.lastIndexOf("}")) + accessVersion + "}"; return modifiedBibtex; } function getBlob(text) { return new Blob([text], { type: "text/plain"}); } function clipboardAlert(text) { alert(text + "\nCopied to clipboard"); } function clipCitation(doi) { document.body.style.cursor = 'wait'; let url = "https://citation.doi.org/format?doi=" + doi.replace("https://doi.org/", "") + String.fromCodePoint(38) + "style=bibtex" + String.fromCodePoint(38) + "lang=en-US"; const text = new ClipboardItem({ "text/plain": fetch(url) .then(getResponseText) .then(getVersionedBibTeX) .then(getBlob) }); navigator.clipboard.write([text]); text.getType("text/plain") .then(getResponseText) .then(clipboardAlert); } function toggle_usa_banner_details() { const details = document.getElementById("usa-banner-details"); const indicator = document.getElementById("usa-banner-indicator"); if (details.style.display === "none") { details.style.display = "block"; indicator.textContent = "^"; } else { details.style.display = "none"; indicator.textContent = "v"; } } const monthName=new Array("January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"); let currentDate = new Date(); let currentIsoDateStr = currentDate.toISOString().substring(0, 10); let currentDateStr = currentDate.getFullYear() + '-' + monthName[currentDate.getMonth()] + '-' + currentDate.getDate(); Data Access FTPS from SPDF (not with most browsers) HTTPS from SPDF CDAWeb WebService: CDAWeb Programmatic Data Access HAPI: CDAWeb HAPI Server TWINS 2 Neutral-atom L1 Images and Movies var authors='McComas, David, J.'; document.write(authors); (2023). TWINS 2 Neutral-atom L1 Images and Movies. [Data set]. Space Physics Data Facility. https://doi.org/10.48322/1tsg-7729. Accessed on document.write(currentDateStr);. Note: Proper references, including Copy BibTeX Citation or other formats, should include the "Accessed on date" to identify the version of the resource being cited in a given publication. ResourceID spase://NASA/NumericalData/TWINS2/ENA/L1/PT15M Description TWINS 1 neutral-atom spectrometer level-1 magnetospheric images and image movies at full (9 energy steps and 15 minute) resolution. Images have been smoothed using a technique that provides approximately uniform statistics across the image. Each image has 4x4 degree angular resolution and includes 15 minutes of data. These images are derived on the ground from direct events measurements of the time of flight and detection location on the anode for individual ENAs. Each image has 4x4 degree angular resolution and includes 15 minutes of data. The first dimension of the image represents the scan angle in instrument coordinates. In this system the azimuthal attitude vector points to +90 degree scan angle. The second is the imaged angle, where 90 degrees is the central viewing angle of the instrument and the direction of the polar attitude vector. Metadata Rights CC0-1.0: Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal Note CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available SPASE metadata descriptions. The actual data/software may be subject to a different license. View XML | Edit Details Version:2.7.1 NumericalData ResourceID spase://NASA/NumericalData/TWINS2/ENA/L1/PT15M NamingAuthority NASA ResourceType NumericalData ResourceHeader ResourceName TWINS 2 Neutral-atom L1 Images and Movies DOI https://doi.org/10.48322/1tsg-7729 ReleaseDate 2026-07-21 12:08:13Z RevisionHistory RevisionEvent ReleaseDate 2021-04-27 15:38:11Z Note Only known prior ReleaseDate of the metadata RevisionEvent ReleaseDate 2023-07-30 12:34:56.789Z Note Added DOI and PublicationInfo minted by LFB, metadata versioned up to SPASE 2.6.0, reviewed by LFB 20230727 RevisionEvent ReleaseDate 2025-10-03 11:24:16Z Note Updated PublishedBy name to match ROR Registry. Added ResourceType and NamingAuthority. Changed http to https in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Fixed version number separator in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Matched version number in schemaLocation attribute to updated value in Version tag. ZCB RevisionEvent ReleaseDate 2025-12-04 13:32:08Z Note Added MetadataRightsList and RightsList(s). Updated to 2.7.1. ZCB RevisionEvent ReleaseDate 2026-06-26 13:30:00Z Note Add 'Z' to RevisionEvent:ReleaseDate(s), PublicationDate. ZCB RevisionEvent ReleaseDate 2026-07-21 12:08:13Z Note Added HelioData InformationURL. JWL Description TWINS 1 neutral-atom spectrometer level-1 magnetospheric images and image movies at full (9 energy steps and 15 minute) resolution. Images have been smoothed using a technique that provides approximately uniform statistics across the image. Each image has 4x4 degree angular resolution and includes 15 minutes of data. These images are derived on the ground from direct events measurements of the time of flight and detection location on the anode for individual ENAs. Each image has 4x4 degree angular resolution and includes 15 minutes of data. The first dimension of the image represents the scan angle in instrument coordinates. In this system the azimuthal attitude vector points to +90 degree scan angle. The second is the imaged angle, where 90 degrees is the central viewing angle of the instrument and the direction of the polar attitude vector. Acknowledgement Please acknowledge the CDAWeb team at GSFC/SPDF. PublicationInfo Authors McComas, David, J. PublicationDate 2023-01-01 00:00:00Z PublishedBy Space Physics Data Facility Contacts Role Person StartDate StopDate Note 1. PrincipalInvestigator spase://SMWG/Person/David.J.McComas 2. MetadataContact spase://SMWG/Person/Jan.Merka 3. MetadataContact spase://SMWG/Person/Lee.Frost.Bargatze InformationURL Name TWINS Home Page URL https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/twins Description ? InformationURL Name HelioData URL https://helio.data.nasa.gov/dataset/TWINS2_ENA_L1_PT15M Description The HelioData dataset page provides an overview of the dataset with access links, associated variables, and more. PriorIDs spase://VMO/NumericalData/TWINS2/Imager/L1.PT15M spase://VMO/NumericalData/TWINS2/ENA/L1.PT15M spase://VSPO/NumericalData/TWINS2/ENA/L1/PT15M AccessInformation RepositoryID spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb Availability Online AccessRights Open RightsList Rights SchemeURI https://spdx.org/licenses/ RightsIdentifierScheme SPDX RightsIdentifier CC0-1.0 RightsURI https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html RightsName Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal Note CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products AccessURL Name FTPS from SPDF (not with most browsers) URL ftps://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/twins/twins2/imager/ Description NASA/GSFC CDAWeb ftp access to the data. AccessURL Name HTTPS from SPDF URL https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/twins/twins2/imager/ Description NASA/GSFC CDAWeb http access to the data. Format CDF Encoding None AccessInformation RepositoryID spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb Availability Online AccessRights Open RightsList Rights SchemeURI https://spdx.org/licenses/ RightsIdentifierScheme SPDX RightsIdentifier CC0-1.0 RightsURI https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html RightsName Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal Note CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products AccessURL Name CDAWeb URL https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eval2.cgi?dataset=TWINS2_L1_IMAGER&index=sp_phys ProductKey TWINS2_L1_IMAGER Description Level-1 Magnetospheric Images at full resolution with subset, plot, list functionalities from CDAWeb Format Text AccessDirectoryTemplate https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/twins/twins2/imager/$Y AccessFilenameTemplate twins2_l1_imager_$Y$m$d$H_$v.cdf Acknowledgement Please acknowledge the CDAWeb team at GSFC/SPDF. AccessInformation RepositoryID spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF Availability Online AccessRights Open AccessURL Name CDAWeb Programmatic Data Access URL https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/WS/cdasr/1/dataviews/sp_phys/datasets/TWINS2_L1_IMAGER/clientLibraryExample/ Style WebService ProductKey TWINS2_L1_IMAGER Description Access to this data from common programming environments. Note: this AccessInformation element was added by HDPWS. Format Binary Acknowledgement Please acknowledge the CDAWeb team at GSFC/SPDF. AccessInformation RepositoryID spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb Availability Online AccessRights Open RightsList Rights SchemeURI https://spdx.org/licenses/ RightsIdentifierScheme SPDX RightsIdentifier CC0-1.0 RightsURI https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html RightsName Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal Note CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products AccessURL Name CDAWeb HAPI Server URL https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/hapi Style HAPI ProductKey TWINS2_L1_IMAGER Description Web Service to this product using the HAPI interface. Format CSV Acknowledgement Please acknowledge the CDAWeb team at GSFC/SPDF. InstrumentIDs spase://SMWG/Instrument/TWINS2/ENA MeasurementType NeutralAtomImages TemporalDescription TimeSpan StartDate 2008-05-02 04:45:27Z StopDate 2016-10-26 03:45:47.000Z Cadence PT15M ObservedRegion Earth.Magnetosphere Parameter #1 Name Epoch ParameterKey Epoch Description Epoch FillValue 31-Dec-9999 23:59:59.999 Support SupportQuantity Temporal Parameter #2 Name satellite ParameterKey satellite Description Satellite ID number (1=twins1 or 2=twins2) ValidMin 1.0 ValidMax 2.0 FillValue -1.0 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #3 Name smooth_image ParameterKey smooth_image Description TWINS smooth image of neutral atom flux for all energies Units (cm^2 sr s)^-1 Structure Size 9 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 1 High 50 Units keV Parameter #4 Name TWINS smooth image @ 1 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e1 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 1 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 1 High 1 Units keV Parameter #5 Name TWINS smooth image @ 4 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e2 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 4 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 4 High 4 Units keV Parameter #6 Name TWINS smooth image @ 8 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e3 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 8 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 8 High 8 Units keV Parameter #7 Name TWINS smooth image @ 12 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e4 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 12 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 12 High 12 Units keV Parameter #8 Name TWINS smooth image @ 16 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e5 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 16 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 16 High 16 Units keV Parameter #9 Name TWINS smooth image @ 20 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e6 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 20 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 20 High 20 Units keV Parameter #10 Name TWINS smooth image @ 25 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e7 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 25 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 25 High 25 Units keV Parameter #11 Name TWINS smooth image @ 30 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e8 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 30 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 30 High 30 Units keV Parameter #12 Name TWINS smooth image @ 50 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_image_e9 Description Statistically smoothed TWINS image of flux per energy at 50 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 50 High 50 Units keV Parameter #13 Name pixel_sweep_count ParameterKey pixel_sweep_count Description The per-pixel sweep count is the number of times a given pixel was sampled by the instrument during the time taken to make the image. This value is only a function of longitude (actuation angle), and so is the same for all latitude (imaged) pixels at a given scan (actuation) angle. The value is nominally the same for all pixels in an image, and is the same as the number of sweeps in the image. Differences from this value are due to errors in either actuator motion or transmission of data from agiven direction. Structure Size 90 22 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #14 Name target value ParameterKey smooth_image_val Description Target value for the number of counts per pixel used in the smoothing algorithm. This value can vary by energy. Structure Size 9 ValidMin 0.0 ValidMax 100.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #15 Name energy ParameterKey smooth_image_energy_kev Description Array of energy values (in keV) for the smoothed images. Nominally 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, and 50 keV. Units keV Structure Size 9 ValidMin 0.0 ValidMax 1000.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #16 Name smoothing algorithm version ParameterKey smooth_image_version Description [LIST ONLY] version of the smoothing algorithm used to create the TWINS_SMOOTH_IMAGE. Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #17 Name units ParameterKey smooth_image_units Description [LIST ONLY] units of smoothed twins image Structure Size 9 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #18 Name lon min ParameterKey lonmin_deg Description Longitude (deg) at the middle of the first pixel. For 4 deg pixel_size this is nominally -88 degrees. Units deg ValidMin -90.0 ValidMax 270.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #19 Name lon max ParameterKey lonmax_deg Description Longitude (deg) at the middle of the last pixel. For 4 deg pixel_size this is nominally -92 degrees. Units deg ValidMin -90.0 ValidMax 270.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #20 Name lat min ParameterKey latmin_deg Description Latitude (deg) at the middle of the first pixel. For 4 deg pixel_size this is nominally 4 degrees. Units deg ValidMin 2.0 ValidMax 90.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #21 Name lat max ParameterKey latmax_deg Description Latitude (deg) at the middle of the last pixel. For 4 deg pixel_size this is nominally 88 degrees. Units deg ValidMin 2.0 ValidMax 90.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #22 Name lat pixel bin size ParameterKey lat_pixelsize_deg Description The pixel size in the imaging (polar) direction. Units deg ValidMin 0 ValidMax 10 FillValue -1 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #23 Name lon pixel bin size ParameterKey lon_pixelsize_deg Description The pixel size in the scan (longitudinal) direction. Units deg ValidMin 0 ValidMax 10 FillValue -1 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #24 Name start/stop time of image ParameterKey time_YYMMDD Description Start time of the image and the stop time of the image Structure Size 2 Element Name Start time Index 1 Element Name Stop time Index 2 Support SupportQuantity Temporal Parameter #25 Name start/stop time of image (MJD) ParameterKey time_MJD Description Start time of the image and the stop time of the image in Modified Julian Date (MJD) Units days Structure Size 2 Element Name Start time Index 1 Element Name Stop time Index 2 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Temporal Parameter #26 Name smooth_error_image ParameterKey smooth_error_image Description TWINS smoothed image error image for all energies. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s)^-1 Structure Size 9 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 1 High 50 Units keV Parameter #27 Name TWINS smooth Error_Image @ 1 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e1 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 1 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 1 High 1 Units keV Parameter #28 Name TWINS Smooth Error_Image @ 4 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e2 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 4 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 4 High 4 Units keV Parameter #29 Name TWINS Smooth Error_Image @ 8 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e3 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 8 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 8 High 8 Units keV Parameter #30 Name TWINS Smooth Error_Image @ 12 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e4 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 12 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 12 High 12 Units keV Parameter #31 Name TWINS Smooth Error_Image @ 16 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e5 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 16 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 16 High 16 Units keV Parameter #32 Name TWINS Smooth Error_Image @ 20 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e6 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 20 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 20 High 20 Units keV Parameter #33 Name TWINS Smooth Error_Image @ 25 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e7 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 25 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 25 High 25 Units keV Parameter #34 Name TWINS Smooth Error_Image @ 30 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e8 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 30 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 30 High 30 Units keV Parameter #35 Name TWINS Smooth Error_Image @ 50 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey smooth_error_image_e9 Description TWINS smoothed image error image at 50 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is given by sqrt(counts) / counts using the counts included in each pixel of the image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 50 High 50 Units keV Parameter #36 Name Attitude/Ephemeris flag ParameterKey no_orbit_data Description A flag that identifies when attitude and ephemeris information are available. A value of 0 indicates data are available; a value of 1 indicates that either attitude or ephemeris information is not available for a given time interval. ValidMin 0 ValidMax 1 FillValue -1 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #37 Name attitude_delta_deg ParameterKey attitude_delta_deg Description The change (in degrees) of the spacecraft attitude vector over the time required to make the given image. Units deg ValidMin 0.0 ValidMax 90.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #38 Name spacecraft position ParameterKey sc_posv_re_eci Description The average spacecraft location vector over the time interval of the image in ECI coordinates (cartesian XYZ components). Units Earth Radii UnitsConversion 6.380e6>m Structure Size 3 Element Name X ECI Qualifier Component.I Index 1 Element Name Y ECI Qualifier Component.J Index 2 Element Name Z ECI Qualifier Component.K Index 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support Qualifier Vector SupportQuantity Positional Parameter #39 Name polar attitude ParameterKey spin_axis_eci Description The average polar pointing unit vector over the time interval of the image in ECI coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). The polar attitude vector points to 90 degree instrument polar (imaged) angle. Units radians CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName GEI Structure Size 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #40 Name azimuth attitude ParameterKey prime_meridian_eci Description The average azimuthal pointing unit vector over the time interval of the image in ECI coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). The azimuthal pointing vector points to +90 degree instrument scan angle. CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName GEI Structure Size 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #41 Name sun position ParameterKey sun_posv_eci Description The average Sun unit vector over the time interval of the image in ECI coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName GEI Structure Size 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #42 Name magnetic dipole ParameterKey mag_eci Description The average geomagnetic dipole unit vector over the time interval of the image in ECI coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName GEI Structure Size 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #43 Name spacecraft position ParameterKey sc_posv_re_sm Description The average spacecraft location vector over the time interval of the image in SM coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). Units Earth Radii UnitsConversion 6.380e6>m CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName SM Structure Size 3 Element Name X SM Qualifier Component.I Index 1 Element Name Y SM Qualifier Component.J Index 2 Element Name Z SM Qualifier Component.K Index 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support Qualifier Vector SupportQuantity Positional Parameter #44 Name polar attitude ParameterKey spin_axis_sm Description The average polar pointing unit vector over the time interval of the image in SM coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). The polar attitude vector points to 90 degree instrument polar (imaged) angle. CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName GEI Structure Size 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #45 Name azimuth attitude ParameterKey prime_meridian_sm Description The average azimuthal pointing unit vector over the time interval of the image in SM coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). The azimuthal pointing vector points to +90 degree instrument scan angle. CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName GEI Structure Size 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #46 Name sun position ParameterKey sun_posv_sm Description The average Sun position unit vector over the time interval of the image in SM coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName GEI Structure Size 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #47 Name magnetic dipole ParameterKey mag_sm Description The average geomagnetic dipole unit vector over the time interval of the image in SM coordinates (Cartesian XYZ components). CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Cartesian CoordinateSystemName GEI Structure Size 3 ValidMin -10.0 ValidMax 10.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #48 Name sat location ParameterKey radial_distance_re Description Spacecraft radial distance (in Earth radii) from the center of the Earth. Units Earth Radii UnitsConversion 6.380e6>m CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Spherical CoordinateSystemName SM ValidMin -1000.0 ValidMax 1000.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support Qualifier Magnitude SupportQuantity Positional Parameter #49 Name lat ParameterKey latitude_deg Description Spacecraft latitude in SM coordinates Units deg CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Spherical CoordinateSystemName SM ValidMin -90.0 ValidMax 90.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support Qualifier DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle SupportQuantity Positional Parameter #50 Name lshell ParameterKey lshell_dip Description The McIlwain L-Shell at the spacecraft location assuming a dipole magnetic field model and using SM coordinates. Units deg ValidMin -1000.0 ValidMax 1000.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Positional Parameter #51 Name mlt ParameterKey mlt Description Spacecraft magnetic local time in SM coordinates. Units hours CoordinateSystem CoordinateRepresentation Spherical CoordinateSystemName SM ValidMin 0.0 ValidMax 24.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support Qualifier DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle SupportQuantity Positional Parameter #52 Name energy ParameterKey energy_kev Description Array of energy values (in keV) for the images. Nominally 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, and 50 keV. Units keV Structure Size 9 ValidMin 0.0 ValidMax 1000.0 FillValue -1.0E31 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #53 Name image type ParameterKey all_energies Description 0 for a Differential Energy Flux image. 1 for an All Energies image ValidMin 0 ValidMax 1 FillValue -1 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #54 Name saveset_version ParameterKey saveset_version Description saveset_version ValidMin 0 ValidMax 99 FillValue -1 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #55 Name times/sweeps ParameterKey title Description [LIST ONLY] Start and stop times of the image, along with the selected number of sweeps. Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #56 Name units ParameterKey units_of_twins_image Description [LIST ONLY] units of raw twins image Structure Size 9 Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #57 Name software version ParameterKey sw_version Description [LIST ONLY] Software version Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #58 Name image creation time ParameterKey creation_time Description [LIST ONLY] Time image was created Support SupportQuantity Other Parameter #59 Name twins_raw_image ParameterKey twins_image Description TWINS raw image of flux for all energies Units (cm^2 sr s)^-1 Structure Size 9 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 1 High 50 Units keV Parameter #60 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 1 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e1 Description TWINS raw image at 1 keV energy, in units of (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 1 High 1 Units keV Parameter #61 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 4 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e2 Description TWINS raw image at 4 keV energy, in the same format as the 1 keV image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 4 High 4 Units keV Parameter #62 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 8 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e3 Description TWINS raw image at 8 keV energy, in the same format as the 1 keV image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 8 High 8 Units keV Parameter #63 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 12 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e4 Description TWINS raw image at 12 keV energy, in the same format as the 1 keV image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 12 High 12 Units keV Parameter #64 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 16 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e5 Description TWINS raw image at 16 keV energy, in the same format as the 1 keV image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 16 High 16 Units keV Parameter #65 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 20 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e6 Description TWINS raw image at 20 keV energy, in the same format as the 1 keV image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 20 High 20 Units keV Parameter #66 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 25 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e7 Description TWINS raw image at 25 keV energy, in the same format as the 1 keV image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 25 High 25 Units keV Parameter #67 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 30 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e8 Description TWINS raw image at 30 keV energy, in the same format as the 1 keV image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 30 High 30 Units keV Parameter #68 Name TWINS Raw Image @ 50 keV (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 ParameterKey twins_image_e9 Description TWINS raw image at 50 keV energy, in the same format as the 1 keV image. Units (cm^2 sr s eV)^-1 Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 50 High 50 Units keV Parameter #69 Name raw_error_image ParameterKey error_image Description TWINS error image for raw image at all energies. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 9 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 1 High 50 Units keV Parameter #70 Name Raw Error Image @ 1 keV ParameterKey error_image_e1 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 1 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 1 High 1 Units keV Parameter #71 Name Raw Error Image @ 4 keV ParameterKey error_image_e2 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 4 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 4 High 4 Units keV Parameter #72 Name Raw Error Image @ 8 keV ParameterKey error_image_e3 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 8 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 8 High 8 Units keV Parameter #73 Name Raw Error Image @ 12 keV ParameterKey error_image_e4 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 12 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 12 High 12 Units keV Parameter #74 Name Raw Error Image @ 16 keV ParameterKey error_image_e5 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 16 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 16 High 16 Units keV Parameter #75 Name Raw Error Image @ 20 keV ParameterKey error_image_e6 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 20 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 20 High 20 Units keV Parameter #76 Name Raw Error Image @ 25 keV ParameterKey error_image_e7 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 25 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 25 High 25 Units keV Parameter #77 Name Raw Error Image @ 30 keV ParameterKey error_image_e8 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 30 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 30 High 30 Units keV Parameter #78 Name Raw Error Image @ 50 keV ParameterKey error_image_e9 Description TWINS error image for raw image at 50 keV energy. The error in the flux for each pixel is based on the error in the fit of flux vs energy used to determine the flux value given in the primary image. Units Fractional Error Structure Size 90 22 Particle ParticleType Atom Qualifier Uncertainty Qualifier Differential ParticleQuantity NumberFlux EnergyRange Low 50 High 50 Units keV