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Data Access
PDS/PPI
Voyager 2 Neptune Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) Far Encounter, Step Period, 12.8 min Data
var authors='Decker, Robert B.; Krimigis, Stamatios M.';
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(2026).
Voyager 2 Neptune Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) Far Encounter, Step Period, 12.8 min Data.
[Data set].
Space Physics Data Facility; Planetary Data System.
https://doi.org/10.48322/6nps-fg62. Accessed on document.write(currentDateStr);.
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ResourceID
spase://NASA/NumericalData/Voyager2/LECP/Neptune/PT12M48S
Description
* Data Set Overview
* =================
* Description of the PDS LECP Neptune Scan Data
* =============================================
This Far Encounter Step Data Set consists of Resampled Electron and Ion Counting Rate Data from the Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) Experiment on Voyager 2 while the Spacecraft was within the Vicinity of Neptune.
The Period covered is 1989-08-24T00:00:00.000 SCET to 1989-08-27T00:00:00.000 SCET.
These Data include Scan Plane Angle Distributions for those Periods when the LECP Instrument was mechanically scanning. There are Periods when the Instrument was not scanning, and the corresponding Data do not appear here with these Step Data.
Another Data Set that is available, the so called Scan Data, contains Data for the Periods when the Instrument was not stepping as well as Angle averaged Data for the Stepping Periods. The Instrument samples eight directional Sectors during a single Scan, and thus this Step Data Set contains eight Particle Intensity Numbers for each Channel of Data utilized (a ninth Sector corresponds to accumulations for which the Sector is unknown).
Three Scanning Situations occurred during the Time of these Data were collected. They are:
* 1) Continuous 48 s Stepping (48 s for each of eight Look Directions for a Total of 6.4 min per Scan. Note that Sector 8 is covered by a 2 mm Aluminium Shield)
* 2) A special Neptune Scan Cyclic with the following Sequence: 7, Scan, 1, Scan, 7, Scan, Scan, Repeat, where the "7" and the "1" represent 5.2 min Periods during which the Instrument is fixed in Sector 7 or Sector 1, respectively, and where the word "Scan" represents a Period of Scanning (6 s Stepping for a total Scan Time of 48 s)
* 3) Periods when the Detectors are fixed for more extended Periods in Sector 7 (Periods bracketing the Ring Plane Crossings)
For these Neptune Step Data, the 6.4 min Full Scan Records during Stepping Mode (1) have been averaged to 12.8 min Records. Also, during Stepping Mode (2), the Double Scans that have no fixed Periods between them have been averaged together into a single (96 s) Record. The Single Scans represent 48 s Records.
The Schedule of Stepping Mode Changes is as follows:
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Time Interval | Mode Setting |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| Prior to Day 236 at 1600 SCET | Mode (1) |
| Day 236 at 1600 SCET to Day 237 at 0239 SCET | Mode (2) |
| Day 237 at 0239 SCET to Day 237 at 0319 SCET | Mode (3) |
| Day 237 at 0319 SCET to Day 237 at 0503 SCET | Mode (2) |
| Day 237 at 0503 SCET to Day 237 at 0554 SCET | Mode (3) |
| Day 237 at 0554 SCET to Day 238 at 0400 SCET | Mode (2) |
| After Day 237 at 0400 SCET | Mode (1) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
Please note that the change over between Modes is not instantaneous, and that for a few Minutes the State of the Scanning is not regular. Note also that there were brief Interruptions to, and Changes in Time Phase in the Mode (2) Scan Cyclic during the Transitions into and out of the movable Block Period that bracketed the Close Approach Position (not shown above).
Obviously these Stepping Mode Changes, and the Angle Sample Switching that occurs during Stepping Mode (2), gives the Data a disjointed Appearance.
The LECP Channels utilized with this Data Set are:
+-----------------------------------------+
| Channel | Particle | Energy Range |
-------------------------------------------
| EB01 | Electron | 22 to 35 keV |
| EB02 | Electron | 35 to 61 keV |
| EB03 | Electron | 61 to 112 keV |
| EB04 | Electron | 112 to 183 keV |
| EG06-EG07 | Electron | 252 to 480 keV |
| EG07-EG08 | Electron | 480 to 853 keV |
| EG08-EG09 | Electron | 853 to 1200 keV |
| PL01 | Ion | 28 to 43 keV |
| PL02 | Ion | 43 to 80 keV |
| PL03 | Ion | 80 to 137 keV |
| PL04 | Ion | 137 to 215 keV |
| PL05 | Ion | 215 to 540 keV |
| PL06 | Ion | 540 to 990 keV |
| PL07 | Ion | 990 to 2140 keV |
| PL08 | Ion | 2140 to 3500 keV |
+-----------------------------------------+
Please note that three of the Electron Channels are derived from four of the Instrumental Channels by taking differences between adjacent Energy Channels.
The Channel Data is given in Units of Intensity: counts/(cm^2 s sr keV). For the Ions, it has been assumed that they consist only of Protons. Intensity is derived from the Raw Count Rates via the Relation:
I=CR/(eG×E2-E1))
where eG is equal to the Geometric Factor times the Detector Efficiency, and (E2-E1) is the Bandpass of the Channel in Units of Energy. The Proton Values of these Parameters were used in deriving the Intensities for this Data Set. To obtain the Intensities under the Assumption that some other Mass Species dominates, one must convert back to Count Rate, CR, utilizing the Proton Parameters, and then convert to Intensity using the Parameters corresponding to the Mass Species in question. The Parameters can be found in Table 1 of Krimigis et al. (J. Geophys. Res., 86, 8227, 1981). The corresponding Parameters for Electrons can be found in Mauk et al. (J. Geophys. Res., 92, 15,283, 1987). Prior to the Conversion to Intensity, the Count Rates have been corrected for:
* 1) Background
* 2) Electron Contamination of the lower Energy Ion Channels
* 3) Solar UV Contamination of the lowest Energy Ion Channel
The Uncertainty Parameters given with the Data associated with each Channel (expressed as a Percentage) is the Largest of the two Quantities:
* 1) One Standard Deviation Poisson Statistical Error
* 2) A Percentage assigned by the Data Supplier based on the Amount of Contamination Correction that has been performed on each Data Channel
Each Record of this Data Set also includes a Parameter that denotes the Fraction of the Data Accumulations that correspond to each of the eight Angle Sectors. For example, during a Sector 7 Stow Period, this Number will be equal to one for Sector 7 and will be zero for all of the other Sectors. A "Sector 9" Parameter has also been defined that corresponds to those Accumulations with no known Sector Assignment.
Also, a 1-Bit Code is supplied for each Data Channel that tells whether that Channel had any associated Accumulations (1 denotes At least one Accumulation present, 0 denotes No associated Accumulations). This Code must be used to distinguish between Accumulations that yielded no Counts and Situations where the Channel simply had no Accumulations since both of these Scenarios yield Zero Intensity Data.
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Parameter Characteristics | Value |
-------------------------------------------------------
| Processing Level ID | 4 |
| Software Flag | N |
| Processing Start Time | 1991-07-24T00:00:00.000 |
| Processing Stop Time | 1991-07-25T00:00:00.000 |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
* Parameters
* ==========
* Data Set Parameter PARTICLE FLUX INTENSITY
* ==========================================
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Parameter Characteristics | Value |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Sampling Parameter Name | TIME |
| Data Set Parameter Name | PARTICLE FLUX INTENSITY |
| Sampling Parameter Resolution | 768.000000 |
| Sampling Parameter Interval | 768.000000 |
| Minimum Available Sampling Int | 6.000000 |
| Data Set Parameter Unit | COUNTS/(CM^2*SECOND*STERADIAN*KEV) |
| Sampling Parameter Unit | SECONDS |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
* Source Instrument Parameters
* ============================
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Parameter Characteristics | Value |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Instrument Host ID | VG2 |
| Data Set Parameter Name | PARTICLE FLUX INTENSITY |
| Instrument Parameter Name | PARTICLE MULTIPLE PARAMETERS |
| Important Instrument Parameters | 1 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
* Processing
* ==========
* Processing History
* ==================
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Parameter Characteristics | Value |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Source Data Set ID | N/A |
| Software | UNK |
| Product Data Set ID | VG2-N-LECP-4-RDR-STEP-12.8MIN-V1.0 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
Metadata Rights
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Version:2.7.1
NumericalData
ResourceID
spase://NASA/NumericalData/Voyager2/LECP/Neptune/PT12M48S
NamingAuthority
NASA
ResourceType
NumericalData
ResourceHeader
ResourceName
Voyager 2 Neptune Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) Far Encounter, Step Period, 12.8 min Data
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48322/6nps-fg62
ReleaseDate
2026-07-21 12:08:56Z
RevisionHistory
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2020-07-07 21:15:57Z
Note
Only known prior ReleaseDate of the metadata
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2025-12-04 13:32:35Z
Note
Added MetadataRightsList. Added ResourceType and NamingAuthority. Updated to 2.7.1. Changed http to https in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Fixed version number separator in top-level schemaLocation attribute. ZCB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2026-04-10 09:59:21Z
Note
Added new Contact(s). ZCB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2026-04-10 10:04:12Z
Note
Added PublicationInfo. ZCB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2026-06-11 16:10:03Z
Note
Added DOI. tlk
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2026-06-26 13:31:18Z
Note
Add 'Z' to TemporalDescription:TimeSpan:StartDate, TemporalDescription:TimeSpan:StopDate. ZCB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2026-07-21 12:08:56Z
Note
Added HelioData InformationURL. JWL
Description
* Data Set Overview
* =================
* Description of the PDS LECP Neptune Scan Data
* =============================================
This Far Encounter Step Data Set consists of Resampled Electron and Ion Counting Rate Data from the Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) Experiment on Voyager 2 while the Spacecraft was within the Vicinity of Neptune.
The Period covered is 1989-08-24T00:00:00.000 SCET to 1989-08-27T00:00:00.000 SCET.
These Data include Scan Plane Angle Distributions for those Periods when the LECP Instrument was mechanically scanning. There are Periods when the Instrument was not scanning, and the corresponding Data do not appear here with these Step Data.
Another Data Set that is available, the so called Scan Data, contains Data for the Periods when the Instrument was not stepping as well as Angle averaged Data for the Stepping Periods. The Instrument samples eight directional Sectors during a single Scan, and thus this Step Data Set contains eight Particle Intensity Numbers for each Channel of Data utilized (a ninth Sector corresponds to accumulations for which the Sector is unknown).
Three Scanning Situations occurred during the Time of these Data were collected. They are:
* 1) Continuous 48 s Stepping (48 s for each of eight Look Directions for a Total of 6.4 min per Scan. Note that Sector 8 is covered by a 2 mm Aluminium Shield)
* 2) A special Neptune Scan Cyclic with the following Sequence: 7, Scan, 1, Scan, 7, Scan, Scan, Repeat, where the "7" and the "1" represent 5.2 min Periods during which the Instrument is fixed in Sector 7 or Sector 1, respectively, and where the word "Scan" represents a Period of Scanning (6 s Stepping for a total Scan Time of 48 s)
* 3) Periods when the Detectors are fixed for more extended Periods in Sector 7 (Periods bracketing the Ring Plane Crossings)
For these Neptune Step Data, the 6.4 min Full Scan Records during Stepping Mode (1) have been averaged to 12.8 min Records. Also, during Stepping Mode (2), the Double Scans that have no fixed Periods between them have been averaged together into a single (96 s) Record. The Single Scans represent 48 s Records.
The Schedule of Stepping Mode Changes is as follows:
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Time Interval | Mode Setting |
---------------------------------------------------------------
| Prior to Day 236 at 1600 SCET | Mode (1) |
| Day 236 at 1600 SCET to Day 237 at 0239 SCET | Mode (2) |
| Day 237 at 0239 SCET to Day 237 at 0319 SCET | Mode (3) |
| Day 237 at 0319 SCET to Day 237 at 0503 SCET | Mode (2) |
| Day 237 at 0503 SCET to Day 237 at 0554 SCET | Mode (3) |
| Day 237 at 0554 SCET to Day 238 at 0400 SCET | Mode (2) |
| After Day 237 at 0400 SCET | Mode (1) |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
Please note that the change over between Modes is not instantaneous, and that for a few Minutes the State of the Scanning is not regular. Note also that there were brief Interruptions to, and Changes in Time Phase in the Mode (2) Scan Cyclic during the Transitions into and out of the movable Block Period that bracketed the Close Approach Position (not shown above).
Obviously these Stepping Mode Changes, and the Angle Sample Switching that occurs during Stepping Mode (2), gives the Data a disjointed Appearance.
The LECP Channels utilized with this Data Set are:
+-----------------------------------------+
| Channel | Particle | Energy Range |
-------------------------------------------
| EB01 | Electron | 22 to 35 keV |
| EB02 | Electron | 35 to 61 keV |
| EB03 | Electron | 61 to 112 keV |
| EB04 | Electron | 112 to 183 keV |
| EG06-EG07 | Electron | 252 to 480 keV |
| EG07-EG08 | Electron | 480 to 853 keV |
| EG08-EG09 | Electron | 853 to 1200 keV |
| PL01 | Ion | 28 to 43 keV |
| PL02 | Ion | 43 to 80 keV |
| PL03 | Ion | 80 to 137 keV |
| PL04 | Ion | 137 to 215 keV |
| PL05 | Ion | 215 to 540 keV |
| PL06 | Ion | 540 to 990 keV |
| PL07 | Ion | 990 to 2140 keV |
| PL08 | Ion | 2140 to 3500 keV |
+-----------------------------------------+
Please note that three of the Electron Channels are derived from four of the Instrumental Channels by taking differences between adjacent Energy Channels.
The Channel Data is given in Units of Intensity: counts/(cm^2 s sr keV). For the Ions, it has been assumed that they consist only of Protons. Intensity is derived from the Raw Count Rates via the Relation:
I=CR/(eG×E2-E1))
where eG is equal to the Geometric Factor times the Detector Efficiency, and (E2-E1) is the Bandpass of the Channel in Units of Energy. The Proton Values of these Parameters were used in deriving the Intensities for this Data Set. To obtain the Intensities under the Assumption that some other Mass Species dominates, one must convert back to Count Rate, CR, utilizing the Proton Parameters, and then convert to Intensity using the Parameters corresponding to the Mass Species in question. The Parameters can be found in Table 1 of Krimigis et al. (J. Geophys. Res., 86, 8227, 1981). The corresponding Parameters for Electrons can be found in Mauk et al. (J. Geophys. Res., 92, 15,283, 1987). Prior to the Conversion to Intensity, the Count Rates have been corrected for:
* 1) Background
* 2) Electron Contamination of the lower Energy Ion Channels
* 3) Solar UV Contamination of the lowest Energy Ion Channel
The Uncertainty Parameters given with the Data associated with each Channel (expressed as a Percentage) is the Largest of the two Quantities:
* 1) One Standard Deviation Poisson Statistical Error
* 2) A Percentage assigned by the Data Supplier based on the Amount of Contamination Correction that has been performed on each Data Channel
Each Record of this Data Set also includes a Parameter that denotes the Fraction of the Data Accumulations that correspond to each of the eight Angle Sectors. For example, during a Sector 7 Stow Period, this Number will be equal to one for Sector 7 and will be zero for all of the other Sectors. A "Sector 9" Parameter has also been defined that corresponds to those Accumulations with no known Sector Assignment.
Also, a 1-Bit Code is supplied for each Data Channel that tells whether that Channel had any associated Accumulations (1 denotes At least one Accumulation present, 0 denotes No associated Accumulations). This Code must be used to distinguish between Accumulations that yielded no Counts and Situations where the Channel simply had no Accumulations since both of these Scenarios yield Zero Intensity Data.
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Parameter Characteristics | Value |
-------------------------------------------------------
| Processing Level ID | 4 |
| Software Flag | N |
| Processing Start Time | 1991-07-24T00:00:00.000 |
| Processing Stop Time | 1991-07-25T00:00:00.000 |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
* Parameters
* ==========
* Data Set Parameter PARTICLE FLUX INTENSITY
* ==========================================
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Parameter Characteristics | Value |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Sampling Parameter Name | TIME |
| Data Set Parameter Name | PARTICLE FLUX INTENSITY |
| Sampling Parameter Resolution | 768.000000 |
| Sampling Parameter Interval | 768.000000 |
| Minimum Available Sampling Int | 6.000000 |
| Data Set Parameter Unit | COUNTS/(CM^2*SECOND*STERADIAN*KEV) |
| Sampling Parameter Unit | SECONDS |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
* Source Instrument Parameters
* ============================
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Parameter Characteristics | Value |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Instrument Host ID | VG2 |
| Data Set Parameter Name | PARTICLE FLUX INTENSITY |
| Instrument Parameter Name | PARTICLE MULTIPLE PARAMETERS |
| Important Instrument Parameters | 1 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
* Processing
* ==========
* Processing History
* ==================
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Parameter Characteristics | Value |
------------------------------------------------------------------
| Source Data Set ID | N/A |
| Software | UNK |
| Product Data Set ID | VG2-N-LECP-4-RDR-STEP-12.8MIN-V1.0 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
PublicationInfo
Authors
Decker, Robert B.; Krimigis, Stamatios M.
PublicationDate
2026-04-10 10:04:12Z
PublishedBy
Space Physics Data Facility; Planetary Data System
Contacts
Role
Person
StartDate
StopDate
Note
1.
CoPI
spase://SMWG/Person/Robert.B.Decker
2.
PrincipalInvestigator
spase://SMWG/Person/Stamatios.M.Krimigis
3.
MetadataContact
spase://SMWG/Person/Todd.A.King
4.
MetadataContact
spase://SMWG/Person/Lee.Frost.Bargatze
InformationURL
Name
VG2-N-LECP-4-RDR-STEP-12.8MIN-V1.0
URL
https://pds-ppi.igpp.ucla.edu/data/VG2-N-LECP-4-RDR-STEP-12.8MIN-V1.0/AAREADME.TXT
Description
The Document describing the Contents of the Collection.
Language
En
InformationURL
Name
HelioData
URL
https://helio.data.nasa.gov/dataset/Voyager2_LECP_Neptune_PT12M48S
Description
The HelioData dataset page provides an overview of the dataset with access links, associated variables, and more.
PriorIDs
spase://VMO/NumericalData/Voyager2/LECP/Neptune/PT12M48S
spase://VSPO/NumericalData/Voyager2/LECP/Neptune/PT12M48S
AccessInformation
RepositoryID
spase://SMWG/Repository/PDS/PPI
Availability
Online
AccessRights
Open
AccessURL
Name
PDS/PPI
URL
https://pds-ppi.igpp.ucla.edu/search/view/?f=yes&id=pds://PPI/VG2-N-LECP-4-RDR-STEP-12.8MIN-V1.0
ProductKey
VG2-N-LECP-4-RDR-STEP-12.8MIN-V1.0
Description
This Collection is archived with NASA Planetary Data System.
Language
En
Format
Text.ASCII
Acknowledgement
NASA Planetary Plasma Interactions (PPI) Node of the Planetary Data System (PDS) and the Principal Investigator for the Data.
InstrumentIDs
spase://SMWG/Instrument/Voyager2/LECP
MeasurementType
EnergeticParticles
TemporalDescription
TimeSpan
StartDate
1989-08-24 12:12:00.00Z
StopDate
1989-08-26 23:44:00.00Z
Cadence
PT12M48S
ObservedRegion
Neptune