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Data Access
FTPS from SPDF (not with most browsers)
HTTPS from SPDF
CDAWeb
WebService:
CDAWeb Programmatic Data Access
HAPI: CDAWeb HAPI Server
Wind Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) Electron Pitch-Angle Distributions (12-15s rate) (New Mode)
var authors='Ogilvie, Keith W.; Merka, Jan; Vinas, Adolfo F.; & Fitzenreiter, Richard J.';
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(2021).
Wind Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) Electron Pitch-Angle Distributions (12-15s rate) (New Mode).
[Data set].
Space Physics Data Facility.
https://doi.org/10.48322/xdpr-7352. Accessed on document.write(currentDateStr);.
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ResourceID
spase://NASA/NumericalData/Wind/SWE/H3/PT12S
Description
Wind SWE electron pitch angle product providing electron fluxes at 30 directional bins relative to the instantaneous magnetic field direction at 13 different energy levels from a later mode (post-VEIS-era) of the electron instrument. The electron pitch-angle distributions included in this data set are derived from sorting, by pitch (wrt B) and energy, the solar wind electron distributions measured by the Wind/SWE electron instrument (see Ogilvie et al., "SWE, a comprehensive plasma instrument for the Wind spacecraft", Space Sci. Rev., 71, 55, 1995). Pitch-angle distrubutions, organized by energy, are computed from 9s measurements which are usually separated by one or more 3s spin-periods. These quantities are reliable and citable with caution, meaning that the PI advises that the user should discuss their interpretations with a member of the SWE science team before publishing. The following comments are intended to aid in the use and interpretation of the electron pitch-angle distributions reported in this data set. For each 'energy spectrum', observations are made at 13 energy channels: E = 19.34, 38.68, 58.03, 77.37, 96.71, 116.1, 193.4, 290.1, 425.5, 580.3, 773.7, 1006., and 1238. eV. The observations made at each energy are sorted into pitch-angle bins, six degrees in width, from 0 degrees (flux nearly parallel to B) to 180 degrees (flux nearly anti-parallel with B). A "spin-averaged" set of observations (aggregated from all pitch-angle bins, each energy) is also reported, one value for each energy channel. The value reported for any bin (including the spin-averaged "energy bins") is given as a phase-space density, f [#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}], averaged over contributing detectors. The data set reported here contains: f_pitch_E00, f_pitch_E01, f_pitch_E02, f_pitch_E03, f_pitch_E04, f_pitch_E05, f_pitch_E06, f_pitch_E07, f_pitch_E08, f_pitch_E09, f_pitch_E10, f_pitch_E11, f_pitch_E12 (the pitch-angle distributions for each energy channel, with 30 pitch-angle bins for each), and f_pitch_SPA (with 13 spin-averaged energy bins). For reference, the electron speeds ( V , in cm/s) corresponding to the energy channels used, are reported in this data set.
Metadata Rights
CC0-1.0:
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
Note
CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available SPASE metadata descriptions. The actual data/software may be subject to a different license.
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Details
Version:2.7.1
NumericalData
ResourceID
spase://NASA/NumericalData/Wind/SWE/H3/PT12S
NamingAuthority
NASA
ResourceType
NumericalData
ResourceHeader
ResourceName
Wind Solar Wind Experiment (SWE) Electron Pitch-Angle Distributions (12-15s rate) (New Mode)
AlternateName
WI_H3_SWE_v01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48322/xdpr-7352
ReleaseDate
2026-06-26 13:32:03Z
RevisionHistory
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2021-05-31 12:34:56.789Z
Note
Updated to SPASE Version 2.3.2 if needed, Applied quality control for DOI usage, LFB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2025-10-03 11:24:31Z
Note
Updated PublishedBy name to match ROR Registry. Added ResourceType and NamingAuthority. Changed http to https in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Fixed version number separator in top-level schemaLocation attribute. Matched version number in schemaLocation attribute to updated value in Version tag. ZCB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2025-10-23 12:34:56.789Z
Note
Revised ObservedRegion. JMW
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2025-12-04 13:33:07Z
Note
Added MetadataRightsList and RightsList(s). Updated to 2.7.1. ZCB
RevisionEvent
ReleaseDate
2026-06-26 13:32:03Z
Note
Add 'Z' to RevisionEvent:ReleaseDate(s), PublicationDate. ZCB
Description
Wind SWE electron pitch angle product providing electron fluxes at 30 directional bins relative to the instantaneous magnetic field direction at 13 different energy levels from a later mode (post-VEIS-era) of the electron instrument. The electron pitch-angle distributions included in this data set are derived from sorting, by pitch (wrt B) and energy, the solar wind electron distributions measured by the Wind/SWE electron instrument (see Ogilvie et al., "SWE, a comprehensive plasma instrument for the Wind spacecraft", Space Sci. Rev., 71, 55, 1995). Pitch-angle distrubutions, organized by energy, are computed from 9s measurements which are usually separated by one or more 3s spin-periods. These quantities are reliable and citable with caution, meaning that the PI advises that the user should discuss their interpretations with a member of the SWE science team before publishing. The following comments are intended to aid in the use and interpretation of the electron pitch-angle distributions reported in this data set. For each 'energy spectrum', observations are made at 13 energy channels: E = 19.34, 38.68, 58.03, 77.37, 96.71, 116.1, 193.4, 290.1, 425.5, 580.3, 773.7, 1006., and 1238. eV. The observations made at each energy are sorted into pitch-angle bins, six degrees in width, from 0 degrees (flux nearly parallel to B) to 180 degrees (flux nearly anti-parallel with B). A "spin-averaged" set of observations (aggregated from all pitch-angle bins, each energy) is also reported, one value for each energy channel. The value reported for any bin (including the spin-averaged "energy bins") is given as a phase-space density, f [#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}], averaged over contributing detectors. The data set reported here contains: f_pitch_E00, f_pitch_E01, f_pitch_E02, f_pitch_E03, f_pitch_E04, f_pitch_E05, f_pitch_E06, f_pitch_E07, f_pitch_E08, f_pitch_E09, f_pitch_E10, f_pitch_E11, f_pitch_E12 (the pitch-angle distributions for each energy channel, with 30 pitch-angle bins for each), and f_pitch_SPA (with 13 spin-averaged energy bins). For reference, the electron speeds ( V , in cm/s) corresponding to the energy channels used, are reported in this data set.
Acknowledgement
Please acknowledge the Wind/SWE electron instrument team and NASA/GSFC.
PublicationInfo
Authors
Ogilvie, Keith W.; Merka, Jan; Vinas, Adolfo F.; & Fitzenreiter, Richard J.
PublicationDate
2021-01-01 00:00:00Z
PublishedBy
Space Physics Data Facility
Contacts
Role
Person
StartDate
StopDate
Note
1.
PrincipalInvestigator
spase://SMWG/Person/Keith.W.Ogilvie
InformationURL
Name
Wind/SWE Description
URL
https://wind.nasa.gov/swe/index.html
Description
Wind/SWE (Solar Wind Experiment) electron instruments, history and data products
PriorIDs
spase://VHO/NumericalData/Wind/SWE/H3_PT12S
spase://VSPO/NumericalData/Wind/SWE/H3/PT12S
AccessInformation
RepositoryID
spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF/CDAWeb
Availability
Online
AccessRights
Open
RightsList
Rights
SchemeURI
https://spdx.org/licenses/
RightsIdentifierScheme
SPDX
RightsIdentifier
CC0-1.0
RightsURI
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
RightsName
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
Note
CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products
AccessURL
Name
FTPS from SPDF (not with most browsers)
URL
ftps://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/wind/swe/swe_h3/
Description
Repository of the Wind/SWE H3 (v01) electron data.
AccessURL
Name
HTTPS from SPDF
URL
https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/wind/swe/swe_h3/
Description
In CDF via HTTP from SPDF
AccessURL
Name
CDAWeb
URL
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/eval2.cgi?dataset=WI_H3_SWE&index=sp_phys
ProductKey
WI_H3_SWE
Format
CDF
AccessDirectoryTemplate
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/wind/swe/swe_h3/$Y
AccessFilenameTemplate
wi_h3_swe_$Y$m$d_$v.cdf
Acknowledgement
Please acknowledge the CDAWeb team and NASA/GSFC's NSSDC.
AccessInformation
RepositoryID
spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF
Availability
Online
AccessRights
Open
AccessURL
Name
CDAWeb Programmatic Data Access
URL
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/WS/cdasr/1/dataviews/sp_phys/datasets/WI_H3_SWE/clientLibraryExample/
Style
WebService
ProductKey
WI_H3_SWE
Description
Access to this data from common programming environments. Note: this AccessInformation element was added by HDPWS.
Format
Binary
Acknowledgement
Please acknowledge the CDAWeb team and NASA/GSFC's NSSDC.
AccessInformation
RepositoryID
spase://SMWG/Repository/NASA/GSFC/SPDF
Availability
Online
AccessRights
Open
RightsList
Rights
SchemeURI
https://spdx.org/licenses/
RightsIdentifierScheme
SPDX
RightsIdentifier
CC0-1.0
RightsURI
https://spdx.org/licenses/CC0-1.0.html
RightsName
Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal
Note
CC0 1.0 Universal is the Creative Commons license applicable to all publicly available NASA Heliophysics data products
AccessURL
Name
CDAWeb HAPI Server
URL
https://cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/hapi
Style
HAPI
ProductKey
WI_H3_SWE
Description
Web Service to this product using the HAPI interface.
Format
CSV
Acknowledgement
Please acknowledge the CDAWeb team and NASA/GSFC's NSSDC.
ProviderResourceName
WI_H3_SWE
ProviderVersion
v01
InstrumentIDs
spase://SMWG/Instrument/Wind/SWE
MeasurementType
ThermalPlasma
TemporalDescription
TimeSpan
StartDate
2002-08-16 00:00:00Z
RelativeStopDate
-P2M
Note
Ranges from instrument reconfiguration up to present.
Cadence
PT12S
Exposure
PT09S
ObservedRegion
Heliosphere
ObservedRegion
Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
ObservedRegion
Earth.Magnetosphere
ObservedRegion
Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
ObservedRegion
Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
ObservedRegion
Heliosphere.NearEarth
ObservedRegion
Heliosphere.Inner
ObservedRegion
Earth.Magnetosheath
Keywords
Solar Wind Plasma
Parameter #1
Name
Time
ParameterKey
Epoch
Description
Timestamp marks beginning of a measurement interval.
Caveats
Measurements are from observations over three spin periods, totaling approx 9 sec, but read out about every 12-15 sec, depending on real-time telemetery throughput.
Units
CDF_Epoch
ValidMin
01-Jan-1990 00:00:00.000
ValidMax
31-Dec-2029 23:59:59.999
FillValue
31-Dec-9999 23:59:59.999
Support
SupportQuantity
Temporal
Parameter #2
Name
Electron Speed
ParameterKey
Ve
Description
Electron speed corresponding to fluxes, by channel.
Units
cm/s
UnitsConversion
1e-2>m/s
RenderingHints
DisplayType
StackPlot
AxisLabel
Ve
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LinearScale
Structure
Size
13
Description
For energy channel EXX, Ve[XX] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
ValidMin
0.0
ValidMax
1.0E10
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Magnitude
ParticleQuantity
Velocity
Parameter #3
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 00
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E00
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 00
Caveats
For the E00 distribution, Ve[00] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E00
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E00 distribution, f_pitch_E00[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #4
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 01
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E01
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 01
Caveats
For the E01 distribution, Ve[01] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E01
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E01 distribution, f_pitch_E01[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #5
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 02
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E02
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 02
Caveats
For the E02 distribution, Ve[02] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E02
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E02 distribution, f_pitch_E02[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #6
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 03
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E03
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 03
Caveats
For the E03 distribution, Ve[03] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E03
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E03 distribution, f_pitch_E03[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #7
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 04
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E04
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 04
Caveats
For the E04 distribution, Ve[04] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E04
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E04 distribution, f_pitch_E04[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #8
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 05
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E05
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 05
Caveats
For the E05 distribution, Ve[05] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E05
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E05 distribution, f_pitch_E05[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #9
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 06
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E06
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 06
Caveats
For the E06 distribution, Ve[06] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E06
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E06 distribution, f_pitch_E06[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #10
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 07
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E07
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 07
Caveats
For the E07 distribution, Ve[07] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E07
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E07 distribution, f_pitch_E07[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #11
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 08
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E08
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 08
Caveats
For the E08 distribution, Ve[08] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E08
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E08 distribution, f_pitch_E08[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #12
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 09
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E09
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 09
Caveats
For the E09 distribution, Ve[09] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E09
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E09 distribution, f_pitch_E09[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #13
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 10
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E10
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 10
Caveats
For the E10 distribution, Ve[10] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E10
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E10 distribution, f_pitch_E10[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #14
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 11
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E11
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 11
Caveats
For the E11 distribution, Ve[11] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E11
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E11 distribution, f_pitch_E11[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #15
Name
Electron PADs, Energy 12
ParameterKey
f_pitch_E12
Description
Electron pitch-angle distributions (6 degrees/bin), energy channel 12
Caveats
For the E12 distribution, Ve[12] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Image
AxisLabel
f_pitch_E12
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
30
Description
For the E12 distribution, f_pitch_E12[xx] gives the contents (for fluxes with directions ranging in six-degree increments from nearly parallel to nearly anti-parallel with B) of pitch-angle-bin xx=: 00, 01, ..., 29.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity
Parameter #16
Name
Electron Energy-Spectrum
ParameterKey
f_pitch_SPA
Description
Electron spin-averaged flux, binned by energy
Caveats
For each spin-averaged flux value, f_pitch_SPA[i], Ve[i] gives the corresponding electron speed (cm/s).
Units
#/{cc*(cm/s)^3}
RenderingHints
DisplayType
Spectrogram
AxisLabel
f_pitch_SPA
ValueFormat
E12.5
ScaleType
LogScale
Structure
Size
13
Description
f_pitch_SPA[i] gives the spin-averaged contents of energy-bin i=: 0, 1, ..., 12.
ValidMin
1.0E-33
ValidMax
1.0E-23
FillValue
-1.0E31
Particle
ParticleType
Electron
Qualifier
Vector
Qualifier
Average
ParticleQuantity
PhaseSpaceDensity